Python me List kya hoti hai?

List Python ka ek ordered collection hai jisme hum multiple values ek saath store kar sakte hain. List me kisi bhi data type ke values ho sakte hain — numbers, strings, booleans, ya dusri lists bhi!

List ki 4 main khasiyatein hain :-

Ordered — items ek fixed order me rehte hain
Mutable — items baad me change, add ya remove ho sakte hain
Indexed — har item ka ek index hota hai (0 se shuru)
Duplicates allowed — same value kai baar aa sakti hai

Is page me yeh sab sikhenge :-

1. List banana aur access karna
2. Indexing aur Slicing
3. Items add karna — append, insert, extend
4. Items remove karna — remove, pop, del, clear
5. List Methods — sort, reverse, copy, count, index
6. List Comprehension
7. Nested List

1. List Banana aur Access Karna

List ko square brackets [ ] me likha jaata hai aur items ko comma ( , ) se alag kiya jaata hai.

Example 1: List banana — different types ke items

Python

In [1]:

fruits  = ["apple", "banana", "mango"]
numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
mixed   = [1, "hello", True, 3.14]   # mixed types bhi allowed!
empty   = []                           # empty list

print(fruits)
print(numbers)
print(mixed)
print("Length:", len(fruits))
print("Type:", type(fruits))

Output

Example 2: List access karna — indexing

Python

In [1]:

cities = ["Delhi", "Mumbai", "Kolkata", "Chennai", "Bangalore"]

print("First  :", cities[0])    # Delhi
print("Third  :", cities[2])    # Kolkata
print("Last   :", cities[-1])   # Bangalore  (negative index)
print("Second last:", cities[-2])  # Chennai

Output

2. Indexing aur Slicing

List ki slicing bilkul string slicing jaisi hoti hai — [start : stop : step] syntax use hota hai.

Example 1: Slicing — list ka ek hissa nikalna

Python

In [1]:

nums = [0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]

print(nums[2:6])     # [20, 30, 40, 50]
print(nums[:4])      # [0, 10, 20, 30]   — start se
print(nums[6:])      # [60, 70, 80, 90]  — end tak
print(nums[-3:])     # [70, 80, 90]      — last 3
print(nums[::2])     # har doosra element
print(nums[::-1])    # poori list ulti

Output

Example 2: List item update karna — index se

Python

In [1]:

cars = ["Maruti", "Honda", "Hyundai"]
print("Before:", cars)

cars[1] = "Toyota"   # Honda ko Toyota se replace karo
print("After :", cars)

# Multiple items ek saath update
cars[0:2] = ["Tata", "Mahindra"]
print("Bulk update:", cars)

Output

3. Items Add Karna — append(), insert(), extend()

List me nayi values 3 tarike se add ki ja sakti hain — end me, kisi bhi position pe, ya doosri list ko jodkar.

Method	Kaam
append(x)	List ke end me ek item add karta hai
insert(i, x)	Index i pe item x add karta hai
extend(list2)	Doosri list ke saare items add karta hai

Example 1: append() — end me add karna

Python

In [1]:

languages = ["Python", "Java"]
print("Before:", languages)

languages.append("C++")
print("After append C++:", languages)

languages.append("JavaScript")
print("After append JS :", languages)

Output

Example 2: insert() — kisi bhi jagah add karna

Python

In [1]:

nums = [10, 30, 40]
print("Before:", nums)

nums.insert(1, 20)   # index 1 pe 20 daalo
print("After insert(1, 20):", nums)

nums.insert(0, 5)    # bilkul shuru me daalo
print("After insert(0, 5) :", nums)

Output

Example 3: extend() — do lists ko jodna

Python

In [1]:

boys  = ["Rahul", "Arjun"]
girls = ["Priya", "Neha"]

boys.extend(girls)       # girls ke saare items boys me add
print("Combined:", boys)

# + operator se bhi jod sakte hain
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
combined = list1 + list2
print("Using + :", combined)

Output

4. Items Remove Karna — remove(), pop(), del, clear()

List se items 4 tarike se remove ho sakte hain — value se, index se, ya poori list clear karke.

Method	Kaam
remove(x)	Pehla x value dhundh ke remove karta hai
pop(i)	Index i wala item remove karke return karta hai
del list[i]	Index i wala item delete karta hai
clear()	List ke saare items hata deta hai

Example 1: remove() — value se item hatana

Python

In [1]:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "mango", "banana", "grapes"]
print("Before:", fruits)

fruits.remove("banana")   # pehla "banana" remove hoga
print("After remove:", fruits)

Output

Example 2: pop() — index se hatana aur value milna

Python

In [1]:

items = ["pen", "book", "eraser", "sharpener"]
print("Before:", items)

removed = items.pop()     # bina index — last item hata deta hai
print("Removed:", removed)
print("After pop():", items)

removed2 = items.pop(0)   # index 0 wala hata deta hai
print("Removed:", removed2)
print("After pop(0):", items)

Output

Example 3: del aur clear()

Python

In [1]:

nums = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print("Original:", nums)

del nums[2]           # index 2 wala (30) delete karo
print("After del[2]:", nums)

nums.clear()          # poori list khali kar do
print("After clear():", nums)

Output

5. List Methods

Python list ke saath kai built-in methods aate hain — sorting, searching, copying aur bahut kuch.

Example 1: sort() aur reverse()

Python

In [1]:

nums = [40, 10, 70, 20, 90, 30]
print("Original:", nums)

nums.sort()             # ascending order (chhote se bade)
print("Sorted (asc):", nums)

nums.sort(reverse=True) # descending order (bade se chhote)
print("Sorted (desc):", nums)

nums.reverse()          # sirf order ulta karta hai
print("Reversed:", nums)

Output

Example 2: count(), index() aur copy()

Python

In [1]:

scores = [85, 90, 85, 72, 90, 85, 60]

print("count(85):", scores.count(85))   # 85 kitni baar aaya
print("index(90):", scores.index(90))   # 90 pehli baar kahan hai

# copy() — ek naya independent copy banana
original = [1, 2, 3]
copy_list = original.copy()
copy_list.append(99)

print("Original:", original)    # unchanged
print("Copy    :", copy_list)   # 99 add hua

Output

Example 3: min(), max() aur sum() — built-in functions

Python

In [1]:

marks = [78, 95, 62, 88, 71, 90]

print("Minimum :", min(marks))
print("Maximum :", max(marks))
print("Sum     :", sum(marks))
print("Average :", sum(marks) / len(marks))

Output

6. List Comprehension

List Comprehension ek short aur elegant tarika hai nai list banane ka — ek hi line me loop aur condition likh sakte hain. Yeh Python ka ek powerful feature hai.

Syntax
new_list = [expression for item in iterable if condition]

Example 1: Squares list banana — normal vs comprehension

Python

In [1]:

# Normal tarika — 4 lines
squares_normal = []
for i in range(1, 6):
    squares_normal.append(i ** 2)
print("Normal    :", squares_normal)

# List Comprehension — 1 line!
squares_comp = [i ** 2 for i in range(1, 6)]
print("Comprehension:", squares_comp)

Output

Example 2: Condition ke saath comprehension

Python

In [1]:

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

# Sirf even numbers
evens = [n for n in nums if n % 2 == 0]
print("Even numbers:", evens)

# Sirf 50 se zyada marks wale students
marks = [45, 72, 38, 88, 61, 29, 95]
passed = [m for m in marks if m >= 50]
print("Passed marks:", passed)

# Strings uppercase karna
fruits = ["apple", "mango", "banana"]
upper_fruits = [f.upper() for f in fruits]
print("Upper fruits:", upper_fruits)

Output

7. Nested List

List ke andar doosri list — isse Nested List kehte hain. Iska use 2D data represent karne ke liye hota hai — jaise matrix ya table.

Example 1: Nested list banana aur access karna

Python

In [1]:

students = [
    ["Rahul", 85, "Delhi"],
    ["Priya", 92, "Mumbai"],
    ["Arjun", 78, "Pune"]
]

print(students[0])          # pehla student
print(students[1][0])       # doosre student ka naam
print(students[2][1])       # teesre student ke marks

# Saare students print karna
for s in students:
    print(f"Name: {s[0]}, Marks: {s[1]}, City: {s[2]}")

Output

Example 2: 3x3 Matrix — nested list se

Python

In [1]:

matrix = [
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6],
    [7, 8, 9]
]

print("Matrix:")
for row in matrix:
    for val in row:
        print(val, end="\t")
    print()

print("\nCenter element:", matrix[1][1])   # 5

Output

Quick Summary — List Methods ek nazar me

Method	Kaam	Example
append(x)	End me add karo	lst.append(5)
insert(i, x)	Index i pe add karo	lst.insert(1, 99)
extend(lst2)	Doosri list jodo	lst.extend([4,5])
remove(x)	Value se hatao	lst.remove("a")
pop(i)	Index se hatao + return	lst.pop(0)
clear()	Sab hatao	lst.clear()
sort()	Sort karo	lst.sort()
reverse()	Ulta karo	lst.reverse()
count(x)	Kitni baar aaya	lst.count(5)
index(x)	Kahan hai	lst.index(5)
copy()	Nayi copy banao	lst2 = lst.copy()

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