Python Data Types kya hote hain?

Jab hum Python me koi variable banate hain, toh us variable me store hone wali value ka ek type hota hai — isi ko Data Type kehte hain. Data type batata hai ki variable me kaisa data store ho sakta hai aur us par kaunse operations kiye ja sakte hain.

Python me mainly 8 built-in data types hote hain :-

1. int — Integer (pure numbers)
2. float — Decimal numbers
3. complex — Complex numbers
4. str — String (text)
5. list — Ordered, changeable collection
6. tuple — Ordered, unchangeable collection
7. set — Unordered, unique items
8. dict — Key-value pairs
9. bool — True / False
10. NoneType — No value (None)

Note :- Python me aapko manually data type declare nahi karna padta. Python khud automatically detect kar leta hai ki variable ka type kya hai — ise Dynamic Typing kehte hain.

1. Numeric Types — int, float, complex

In teeno types me numbers store hote hain, bas unka format alag hota hai.

Type	Matlab	Example
int	Pura number (koi decimal nahi)	10, -5, 0, 1000
float	Decimal wala number	3.14, -0.5, 2.0
complex	Real + Imaginary part	3+2j, 5j, -1+0j

Example 1: int — Integer numbers

Python

In [1]:

age = 25
temperature = -10
population = 1400000000

print(age)
print(temperature)
print(population)
print(type(age))       # type() function batata hai data type kya hai

Output

Example 2: float — Decimal numbers

Python

In [1]:

pi = 3.14159
price = 99.99
weight = -0.5

print(pi)
print(price)
print(type(pi))       # float type confirm karega

Output

Example 3: complex — Real + Imaginary numbers

Python

In [1]:

z = 3 + 2j

print(z)
print(type(z))
print("Real part    :", z.real)
print("Imaginary part:", z.imag)

Output

2. str — String (Text)

String ek text data type hai. Isme letters, words, sentences — kuch bhi store kar sakte hain. String ko single quotes (' ') ya double quotes (" ") me likha jata hai.

Example 1: String banana aur print karna

Python

In [1]:

name = "Rahul"
city = 'Mumbai'
message = "Python bahut easy hai!"

print(name)
print(city)
print(message)
print(type(name))    # str confirm karega

Output

Example 2: String operations — length, indexing, slicing

Python

In [1]:

s = "Python"

print("Length    :", len(s))      # total characters
print("First char:", s[0])        # indexing - 0 se start
print("Last char :", s[-1])       # negative index
print("Slice     :", s[0:3])      # Pyt - 0 to 2
print("Upper     :", s.upper())   # PYTHON
print("Lower     :", s.lower())   # python

Output

Example 3: String Concatenation aur f-String

Python

In [1]:

first = "Jai"
last  = "Sharma"

# Concatenation - + se strings jodna
full_name = first + " " + last
print("Full Name:", full_name)

# f-String - variables seedha string me likhna
age = 22
print(f"Mera naam {full_name} hai aur main {age} saal ka hoon.")

Output

3. list — List

List ek ordered collection hai jisme multiple values store kar sakte hain. List changeable (mutable) hoti hai — iska matlab values baad me add, remove ya change ki ja sakti hain. List square brackets [ ] me likhi jaati hai.

Example 1: List banana aur access karna

Python

In [1]:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "mango", "grapes"]

print(fruits)
print("First item :", fruits[0])
print("Last item  :", fruits[-1])
print("Length     :", len(fruits))
print("Type       :", type(fruits))

Output

Example 2: List me changes karna — append, remove, update

Python

In [1]:

nums = [10, 20, 30]
print("Original  :", nums)

nums.append(40)           # end me add karna
print("After append:", nums)

nums[0] = 99              # value update karna
print("After update:", nums)

nums.remove(20)           # value remove karna
print("After remove:", nums)

Output

4. tuple — Tuple

Tuple bhi ek ordered collection hai — bilkul list ki tarah — lekin ye unchangeable (immutable) hota hai. Iska matlab ek baar banane ke baad isme koi change nahi ho sakta. Tuple round brackets ( ) me likha jata hai.

Example 1: Tuple banana aur access karna

Python

In [1]:

coordinates = (28.6, 77.2)   # Delhi ki latitude, longitude
colors = ("red", "green", "blue")

print(coordinates)
print("Latitude :", coordinates[0])
print("Colors   :", colors)
print("Type     :", type(colors))

Output

Example 2: Tuple immutable hai — change karne par error

Python

In [1]:

t = (1, 2, 3)
print("Tuple:", t)
print("Count of 2:", t.count(2))   # 2 kitni baar aaya
print("Index of 3:", t.index(3))   # 3 kis index par hai

# Neeche wali line run karne par error aayega - kyunki tuple immutable hai
# t[0] = 99   # TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

Output

5. set — Set

Set ek unordered collection hai jisme duplicate values nahi hoti. Iska matlab agar aap same value baar baar daalo, toh bhi woh sirf ek baar store hogi. Set curly brackets { } me likha jata hai.

Example 1: Set banana — duplicates automatically remove hote hain

Python

In [1]:

numbers = {1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3}   # duplicates hain

print(numbers)           # duplicates remove ho jayenge
print(type(numbers))
print("Length:", len(numbers))

Output

Example 2: Set Operations — union, intersection, difference

Python

In [1]:

a = {1, 2, 3, 4}
b = {3, 4, 5, 6}

print("Union       :", a | b)   # dono sets ke saare elements
print("Intersection:", a & b)   # common elements
print("Difference  :", a - b)   # a me jo b me nahi

Output

6. dict — Dictionary

Dictionary ek key-value pair collection hai. Jaise ek real dictionary me word (key) hota hai aur uska meaning (value) hota hai, waise hi Python dict me bhi kaam hota hai. Dict curly brackets { } me likha jata hai aur colon ( : ) se key-value alag hote hain.

Example 1: Dictionary banana aur access karna

Python

In [1]:

student = {
    "name"  : "Priya",
    "age"   : 20,
    "city"  : "Delhi",
    "marks" : 92.5
}

print(student)
print("Name :", student["name"])    # key se value access
print("Marks:", student["marks"])
print("Type :", type(student))

Output

Example 2: Dictionary me add, update aur delete karna

Python

In [1]:

car = {"brand": "Maruti", "model": "Swift"}
print("Original:", car)

car["color"] = "White"        # naya key-value add karna
print("After add:", car)

car["model"] = "Baleno"       # value update karna
print("After update:", car)

del car["color"]              # key delete karna
print("After delete:", car)

print("Keys  :", list(car.keys()))
print("Values:", list(car.values()))

Output

7. bool — Boolean

Boolean sirf do values rakh sakta hai — True ya False. Ye mainly conditions aur comparisons me use hota hai. Python me True = 1 aur False = 0 hota hai numerically.

Example 1: Boolean values aur comparisons

Python

In [1]:

is_logged_in = True
is_admin     = False

print(is_logged_in)
print(is_admin)
print(type(is_logged_in))

print(10 > 5)    # True
print(10 < 5)    # False
print(5 == 5)    # True

Output

Example 2: Boolean numerically — True = 1, False = 0

Python

In [1]:

print(True + True)     # 1 + 1 = 2
print(True + False)    # 1 + 0 = 1
print(False + False)   # 0 + 0 = 0

# bool() function - kisi bhi value ka boolean check karna
print(bool(0))         # False - 0 hamesha False hota hai
print(bool(42))        # True  - non-zero number True hota hai
print(bool(""))        # False - empty string False hoti hai
print(bool("hello"))   # True  - non-empty string True hoti hai

Output

8. NoneType — None

None ka matlab hai "koi value nahi". Ye ek special literal hai jo represent karta hai ki variable empty hai ya koi value assign nahi ki gayi. Iska type NoneType hota hai. Ye Java ya C ke null ki tarah hai.

Example 1: None ka use

Python

In [1]:

result = None

print(result)
print(type(result))

# None check karna - is operator se karte hain
if result is None:
    print("Abhi tak koi result nahi aaya!")
else:
    print("Result:", result)

Output

Example 2: Function jab kuch return na kare — None milta hai

Python

In [1]:

def greet(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")
    # yahan koi return nahi

val = greet("Ankit")   # function call kiya

print("Function ne return kiya:", val)   # None print hoga
print(val is None)                       # True

Output

Quick Summary — Sabhi Data Types ek nazar me

Type	Keyword	Example	Mutable?
Integer	int	x = 10	—
Float	float	x = 3.14	—
Complex	complex	x = 2+3j	—
String	str	x = "hello"	❌ No
List	list	x = [1,2,3]	✅ Yes
Tuple	tuple	x = (1,2,3)	❌ No
Set	set	x = {1,2,3}	✅ Yes
Dictionary	dict	x = {"a":1}	✅ Yes
Boolean	bool	x = True	—
None	NoneType	x = None	—

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