Python me If-Else kya hota hai?

Real life me hum hamesha conditions ke hisaab se decisions lete hain — "Agar baarish ho rahi hai toh chhaata lo, warna mat lo." Python me bhi exactly yahi hota hai. if-else ka use karke hum program ko batate hain ki kaunsi condition True hone par kya karna hai.

Python me 4 tarike hain conditions likhne ke :-

1. if — sirf ek condition check karna
2. if-else — ek condition, do raste
3. if-elif-else — multiple conditions
4. Nested if — if ke andar if

Note :- Python me indentation (spaces) bahut zaroori hai. if ke andar ka code 4 spaces ya 1 Tab se andar likhna padta hai — warna error aayega.

1. if Statement

Sabse simple condition. Agar condition True hai toh andar wala code chalega, False hai toh kuch nahi hoga.

Syntax
if condition: # yeh code tabhi chalega jab condition True ho

Example 1: Simple if — age check karna

Python

In [1]:

age = 20

if age >= 18:
    print("Aap vote de sakte hain!")

print("Program khatam")

Output

Example 2: if — number positive hai ya nahi

Python

In [1]:

num = 15

if num > 0:
    print(num, "ek positive number hai")

if num % 2 == 0:
    print(num, "even hai")

if num % 2 != 0:
    print(num, "odd hai")

Output

2. if-else Statement

Jab condition True ho toh if wala block chalega, aur jab condition False ho toh else wala block chalega. Dono me se hamesha ek hi chalega.

Syntax
if condition: # True hone par yeh chalega else: # False hone par yeh chalega

Example 1: Pass / Fail check karna

Python

In [1]:

marks = 45

if marks >= 50:
    print("Congratulations! Aap PASS ho gaye.")
else:
    print("Sorry! Aap FAIL ho gaye. Agle baar try karo.")

Output

Example 2: Even ya Odd number check karna

Python

In [1]:

n = 7

if n % 2 == 0:
    print(n, "ek Even number hai")
else:
    print(n, "ek Odd number hai")

Output

Example 3: Do numbers me se bada kaun sa hai

Python

In [1]:

a = 42
b = 78

if a > b:
    print(a, "bada hai")
else:
    print(b, "bada hai")

Output

3. if-elif-else Statement

Jab 2 se zyada conditions check karni hon toh elif use karte hain. Python upar se neeche ek ek condition check karta hai aur jo pehle True ho us block ko chalata hai, baki sab skip ho jaate hain.

Syntax
if condition1: # condition1 True hone par elif condition2: # condition2 True hone par elif condition3: # condition3 True hone par else: # koi bhi condition True na ho toh

Example 1: Grade system — marks ke hisaab se grade dena

Python

In [1]:

marks = 82

if marks >= 90:
    print("Grade: A+")
elif marks >= 80:
    print("Grade: A")
elif marks >= 70:
    print("Grade: B")
elif marks >= 60:
    print("Grade: C")
elif marks >= 50:
    print("Grade: D")
else:
    print("Grade: F — Fail")

Output

Example 2: Number positive, negative ya zero hai?

Python

In [1]:

num = 0

if num > 0:
    print(num, "Positive number hai")
elif num < 0:
    print(num, "Negative number hai")
else:
    print("Number Zero hai")

Output

Example 3: Weekday ya Weekend check karna

Python

In [1]:

day = "Saturday"

if day == "Saturday" or day == "Sunday":
    print(day, "— Weekend hai! Aaram karo.")
elif day == "Monday":
    print(day, "— Naya hafta shuru. Let's go!")
elif day == "Friday":
    print(day, "— Kal weekend hai, almost there!")
else:
    print(day, "— Weekday hai. Kaam karo!")

Output

4. Nested if Statement

Jab ek if ke andar doosra if likha ho usse Nested if kehte hain. Iska use tab hota hai jab ek condition ke saath aur ek condition bhi check karni ho.

Example 1: Login check — username aur password dono sahi hone chahiye

Python

In [1]:

username = "admin"
password = "1234"

if username == "admin":
    print("Username sahi hai!")
    if password == "1234":
        print("Password bhi sahi hai!")
        print("Login successful!")
    else:
        print("Password galat hai. Access denied.")
else:
    print("Username galat hai. Access denied.")

Output

Example 2: Teen numbers me sabse bada kaun sa hai

Python

In [1]:

a = 10
b = 35
c = 22

if a > b:
    if a > c:
        print(a, "sabse bada hai")
    else:
        print(c, "sabse bada hai")
else:
    if b > c:
        print(b, "sabse bada hai")
    else:
        print(c, "sabse bada hai")

Output

5. Shorthand if-else (Ternary Operator)

Agar condition aur result simple ho toh ek hi line me if-else likh sakte hain. Isse Ternary Operator ya Shorthand if-else kehte hain.

Syntax
value = "True wala" if condition else "False wala"

Example 1: Adult ya Minor — ek line me check

Python

In [1]:

age = 16

# Normal if-else (4 lines)
# if age >= 18:
#     status = "Adult"
# else:
#     status = "Minor"

# Shorthand if-else (1 line) - same kaam
status = "Adult" if age >= 18 else "Minor"

print("Status:", status)

Output

Example 2: Max of two numbers — shorthand se

Python

In [1]:

x = 50
y = 80

max_val = x if x > y else y
print("Bada number:", max_val)

# Even/Odd bhi shorthand se
n = 14
result = "Even" if n % 2 == 0 else "Odd"
print(n, "is", result)

Output

Quick Summary — if-else ek nazar me

Type	Use Kab Karo	Example
if	Sirf ek condition check karni ho	if age >= 18:
if-else	Do raste — True ya False	if pass: ... else: ...
if-elif-else	2 se zyada conditions	Grades, menus, etc.
Nested if	Condition ke andar condition	Login check, etc.
Shorthand	Simple ek-line condition	x = "A" if n>90 else "B"

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